Spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) has been a hot topic since 2017 (Science 358, 94–97 (2017)). However, comprehension and control of spatiotemporal dissipative solitons (STDSs) and STML in multi-mode ...
a, Schematic diagram of dissipative soliton formation in SMF lasers and MMF lasers. b, An illustration of a typical STML MMF laser layout. c, Pulse reactions for three mechanisms as intermode ...