Pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and preterm birth often arise during the late stage of pregnancy. However, researchers have primarily relied on placental cells from early pregnancy to ...

Recognition of three basic placenta types by Otto Grosser over a century ago has proven its worth: non-invasive, moderately invasive or highly invasive. In contrast to the invasive types, no breakdown ...

During pregnancy, the placenta secretes hormones that increase insulin resistance, which may cause gestational diabetes (GD). Left untreated, diabetes can damage the placenta. GD begins in the ...